2010
·
In
October, 2010, Sir Robert G.
Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for
development of in vitro fertilization.
2011
·
In
October, 2011, Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A.
Hoffmann are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate
immunity"
In addition, Ralph M. Steinman was posthumously awarded the prize "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
In addition, Ralph M. Steinman was posthumously awarded the prize "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
2012.
·
In
January, 2012, Schizophrenia was renamed in South Korea from
jungshinbunyeolbyung (mind-split disorder), to johyeonbyung (attunement
disorder)
·
On May
22, 2012, the United States preventive services
task force released a guideline advising against routine screening for prostate
cancer using the prostate-specific antigen test,
concluding that the benefits of the testing outweighs the harms, and sparking a
debate about the use of the test.
·
In
October, 2012, Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya
Yamanaka were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"
·
On
October 26, 2012, the National People's Congress of China
passed new mental health laws.
2013
·
On April
14, 2013, the first kidney grown in a rat in vitro in the U.S. was published.
·
On May 1,
2013, China signed
a new mental health law into effect.
·
On May
18, 2013, the psychiatry manual DSM-5 was formally
published, revising definitions for a wide range of psychiatric illnesses,
including a new definition for autism spectrum disorder and substance use disorder
·
On May
29, 2013 results of a phase 3 study for the first vaccine for enterovirus
71, one cause of hand foot mouth disease, were published,
showing a 90% statistically significant efficacy
·
On July
3, 2013, a study was published documenting the first human liver grown
from stem cells in Japan
·
On
October 7, 2013, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was
awarded to James E. Rothman, Randy W.
Schekman, and Thomas C. Südhof for research on cell vesicles.
2014
·
Heart
Transplant From A Cadaver
When it comes to body transplants, it’s pretty much a
necessity that the donor is alive, but this year all that changed. In October,
a team of Australian scientists made history when they revived
dead hearts from cadavers and successfully transplanted them into
awaiting patients.
·
Measles
Vaccine Makes Cancer Undetectable
2014 has seen a lot of innovations in cancer
treatment, but one of the most remarkable was seen in May, when a measles vaccine overdose made one woman’s blood cancer go into
complete remission. Stacy Erholz was injected with a truly tremendous amount of
the measles vaccine, a treatment which ended up targeting and killing her blood
cancer.
·
Surgeons
Use 3D Printer To Perform World’s First Skull Transplant
The year was great for 3D technology, as we’ve learned
that it can not only help make our lives easier, but also help make them
longer. In May, a team of surgeons from the Netherlands performed the world’s first complete skill
transplant using a plastic
tailor-made 3D-printed piece.
·
Lab-Grown
Vaginas
This year doctors revisited four teenage girls who
were fitted with the world’s first lab-grown vaginas, and reported that they
are still enjoying normal, pain-free function. The lead researcher Dr. Anthony
Atala explained in the press release. "This may represent a new option for
patients who require vaginal reconstructive surgeries.”
·
Prosthesis
Which Converts Muscle Signals Into Movement
2014
saw the arrival of the most complex prosthesis technology to date. In May, the
Food and Drug Administration approved the marketing of the first prosthetic arm
that translates electrical signals from people’s muscles to help them perform
tasks with the upmost accuracy. The arm, known as the DEKA Arm System,
controls movement via electromyogram electrose.
·
Legally
Blind Can See With Bionic Eye
The bionic eye was
dramatically improved in 2014, allowing the legally blind to do finally see, as
they had long dreamed.
The
bionic eye, known as the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System, was approved by
the FDA in 2013, but this year engineers further improved its visual system. It
is the world’s first implanted device to treat people with retinitis
pigmentosa, one of the leading causes of blindness. The bionic eye consists of
a device implanted into the eye, a video camera in a pair of glasses, and a
video processing unit carried by the patient.
·
Longest-Ever
Preservation of Lungs Outside The Body
Transplant specialists at University Hospitals Leuven
in Belgium were able to preserve donor lungs outside of a human body for a full
11 hours, the longest time in medical history. The
feat was possible thanks to OCS LUNG, a perfusion-based machine that supplies
the quarantined lungs with a continual, refreshing supply of oxygen.
·
The Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine 2014 was divided, one half awarded to John O'Keefe, the
other half jointly to May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser "for their discoveries of cells
that constitute a positioning system in the brain".
SOURCES: WIKIPEDIA AND MEDICAL DAILY
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